What is the purpose of the helicopter's tail rotor?

The primary function of the helicopter's tail rotor is to counteract the torque effect produced by the main rotor. When the main rotor spins in one direction, it generates an equal and opposite torque that would cause the helicopter fuselage to rotate in the opposite direction. The tail rotor creates thrust in the horizontal plane, specifically designed to counterbalance this torque, thus allowing for controlled flight.

By adjusting the pitch of the tail rotor blades, the pilot can manage the amount of counter-torque generated, enabling the helicopter to maintain a stable heading during flight. This is crucial for maneuverability and control, especially in hover and during forward flight, ensuring that the helicopter does not rotate uncontrollably.

While lift and stability are important aspects of a helicopter's flight dynamics, these functions are primarily the responsibility of the main rotor and the overall design of the aircraft. The tail rotor's specific role in counteracting torque is what makes it essential for safe helicopter operation.